Rading Reveiw #1 questions

1. The element the book identifies with political culture are constitutional, demographic, and cultural. The difference between a political culture and a political ideology are that political culture is a way of thinking and ideology is a set of beliefs.
2. Equality of opportunity is giving people an equal chance to succeed and equality of results is making sure everyone gets the same results.
4. There is cultural conflict because of some major issues like abortion, gay rights, drug use, and school prayer. There are two cultural classes in the US: the orthodox and the progressive. Orthodox are people that believe that morality is very important and that moral rules derive from the command of God. Progressive side are people who think personal freedom is as important as tradition. Orthodox includes Protestants and Christians and Progressive includes Episcopalians and Unitarians and people with no strong religious beliefs. Some issues are easy to resolve and some are not.
5. Internal efficacy is the ability to understand and take part in politics and external efficacy is the willingness of the state to respond to the citizens.
6. They believed that the public should not have a say because they are pursued to easily. They have checks and balances and they have different branches.
7. You don't get everyone's opinion, your technique could be bad, and it could be skewed.
8. Four ares that affect political attitudes are family, religion, gender, and schooling. Family effects because what you are brought up on determines how you think, religion effects because your thoughts will be skewed because of it, gender because your gender defines who you are, and schooling because different schooling levels you know different things.
9. Three factors that divide political beliefs are social class, region, and race. Your race effects because different races vote different ways, social class because you would vote for someone who helps your social class, and region because based on where you live you vote differently.
 10. Information and peers. As a politician you have more access to information and your peers would be other politicians and while ours are regular people.
11. They case raise and frame political issues and they state the norm by which issues should be settled. They don't define economic problems and they are or are not high interest rates.
12. It is not an accurate description of the problem, it's an incorrect explanation of the problem, and it proposes a remedy that probable won't work.
13. The moter voter law.
14. Jim Crow laws. They used literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clause, and white primary. These were all gradually changes so that there was no discrimination in them and that so everyone could vote.
15. There has been a decrease in voter turnout and different forms of activism have arrived.
16. Decline of popular interest in elections and a weakening of the competitiveness between the two major parties, and because of distrust.
17. For age older people tend to vote more than younger people, for schooling the more educated tend to vote more, and for race whites tend to vote more.

Reading Review #1 vocabulary

Political Culture- distinctive and patterned way of thinking about how political and economic life ought to be carried out.
Political Ideology- Consistent set of beliefs about what policies the government ought to pursue.
Equality of Opportunity- Giving people an equal chance to succeed.
Equality of Results- Making certain people get the same result.
Civic Duty- Belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs.
Progressive Culture- Belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion.
Orthodox Culture- Belief that morality and religion ought to be of decisive importance.
Political Efficacy- Belief that you can take part in politics.
Middle America- Average middle class americans.
Silent Majority- Unspecified large majority of people in a country or group who do not express their views publicly.
SES- Measures a person's work experience and family economics compared to that of others.
Christian Coalition- Offers people of faith the vehicle to have an impact on issues they care about.
Gender Gap- Difference in political views between men and women.
Liberal- Favorable to change and reform. Opposite of conservative.
Conservative- Person who is averse to change and holds to traditional views.
Libertarian- Upholds individual liberty, especially of speech and actions.
Populist- Member of a political party that represents the interest of ordinary people.
Political Elite- Person with disproportionate share of political power.
New Class- Describes the ruling class of beauracrats and communist party functionaries which usuallt arise in a stalin communist state.
New Deal Coalition- Alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the new deal.
Random Sample- When every person has an equal chance.
Sampling Error- Difference in results when a random sample is taken at the same time.
Weighting- An adjustment made in order to take account of special circumstances.
Quota Sample- Created by gathering a number of people from categories.
Focus Groups- Diverse group of people gathered to provide inscentive.
Instant Response Polling- Polling designed to get instant results.
Push Poll- Organization attempts to influence people under the guise of doing a poll.
Bandwagon Effect- People doing something because others do it.
Refusal Rate- Proportion of people who refuse to give up the sought information.
Exit Polls- Polls based on interviews conducted on election day with randomly selected voters.
Tracking Poll- Conducted each day to assess trends caused by advertising, polling, etc
Skewed Question- A question that creates incorrect results.
Context Effect- People behave differently in different situations.
Question Framing- How you as a surveyor decide to ask for data.
Saliency- Degree to which an issue is important to an individual of group.
Help America Vote Act 2002- Helped make the voting system simpler.
Moter Voter Law- Enables prospective voters to register when they get a license.
15th amendment- Prohibits denial to vote based on race, sex, or ethnicity.
Literacy Test- Requirement of citizens to show they can read before registering to vote.
Poll Tax- Requirement that citizens pay a tax before registering to vote.
Grandfather Clause- If your grandfather could vote you can vote.
White Primary- Practice of keeping blacks from voting in southern states.
Voting Rights Act 1965- Outlawed voting discrimination.
19t amendment- Cant be denied to vote based on sex.
Voting Rights Act 1970- No prerequisites for voting.
26th amendment- Set voting age to 18.
23rd amendment- Citizens of the District of Columbia can vote.
Disfranchisement- The revocation of the right to vote by someone.
Australian Ballot- Government introduced ballot to reduce fraud in voting.
Activist- People who participate in all forms of politics.
Demographics- Characteristics of the human population.